10 My Sexuality Model And Hypotheses
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Friday, June 5, 2009
10 My Sexuality Model And the Drantz Hypothesis
Part 10 of "Science & Sexuality." My interpretation of findings on human sexuality to date and my hypothesis regarding what we will find when we examine the first lesbian brains and androphilic FtM brains
Tuesday, June 2, 2009
My letter to American Psychiatric Association regarding the 5th edition of DSM
June 2, 2009
Veronica Drantz, PhD
Professor – School of Anesthesia
NorthShore University HealthSystem
Evanston, Illinois
Alan F. Schatzberg
President
American Psychiatric Association
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825
Arlington, VA 22209
Dear Dr. Schatzberg:
The upcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual offers The American Psychiatric Association an opportunity to reclaim its compassion for human dignity and its mandate to do no harm. As a physiologist who has been following the research pertaining to the issue of sexual/gender identity, I am registering my dismay at the continued categorizing of transsexual and other gender variant people in the DSM as mentally disordered.
The scientific evidence that core sexual identity is biological and innate comes from multiple sources and is overwhelming. Moreover, transsexual persons have atypical brain structure and function that correspond to their felt identity. There is no scientific support for considering transsexuality “per se” as a psychiatric disorder. While transsexuality may not be common, transsexual people are natural and merely different. It is my ethical responsibility as a biologist to point out that diversity is the rule in nature and to insist that the psychiatric profession understand that differences are not necessarily disorders. Natural variations in sexuality are many and include the transsexuality that should be expected and celebrated in any population. The psychiatric profession needs to minimize the damage to its credibility in the eyes of the scientific community by doing its part to change the culture that persecutes transsexual people. The APA should learn from its past mistreatment of homosexual people and take the lead in educating the public about the natural variations in human sexuality rather than continuing its horrific complicity in societal discrimination against transsexual and other gender variant people.
1. I insist that the elected leadership and Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association issue a position statement making clear that gender identity and expression which differ from assigned birth sex do not, in themselves, constitute mental disorder and imply no impairment in judgment or competence.
2. I urge the APA to issue a statement clarifying the medical necessity of hormonal and surgical transition treatments for those who suffer painful distress with their physical sex characteristics that are incongruent with their persistent gender identity. While it is a shame that the APA is not leading this cause, it can at least follow the American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association in this regard.
3. I advise the American Psychiatric Association to follow the example of the American Psychological Association in encouraging legal and social recognition of all people that is consistent with their gender identity and expression. The APA should affirm in a position statement the dignity and legitimacy of individuals who have transitioned their social gender roles, regardless of their physical anatomy or assigned birth sex. Surely, psychiatrists can help the public understand the important distinctions between the biological terms such as male or female and cultural terms such as man or woman.
4. In addition to the above three requests, I ask that the APA scrutinize the reasons for giving Dr. Kenneth Zucker and Dr. Raymond Blanchard such inordinate influence in the DSM revision process. The bizarre and mean-spirited theories of Zucker and Blanchard are refuted by the scientific evidence and do real harm to people who simply don’t conform. Their arrogance and unscientific attitude should not be tolerated in a profession that claims to be based on science and compassion.
It is my hope that the APA will revise the DSM in a fashion that is consistent with the evidence from all the sciences. It is time for the APA to officially take a stand that celebrates the natural sexual diversity of our species and promotes human dignity and freedom.
Sincerely,
Veronica Drantz, PhD
Veronica Drantz, PhD
Professor – School of Anesthesia
NorthShore University HealthSystem
Evanston, Illinois
Alan F. Schatzberg
President
American Psychiatric Association
1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1825
Arlington, VA 22209
Dear Dr. Schatzberg:
The upcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual offers The American Psychiatric Association an opportunity to reclaim its compassion for human dignity and its mandate to do no harm. As a physiologist who has been following the research pertaining to the issue of sexual/gender identity, I am registering my dismay at the continued categorizing of transsexual and other gender variant people in the DSM as mentally disordered.
The scientific evidence that core sexual identity is biological and innate comes from multiple sources and is overwhelming. Moreover, transsexual persons have atypical brain structure and function that correspond to their felt identity. There is no scientific support for considering transsexuality “per se” as a psychiatric disorder. While transsexuality may not be common, transsexual people are natural and merely different. It is my ethical responsibility as a biologist to point out that diversity is the rule in nature and to insist that the psychiatric profession understand that differences are not necessarily disorders. Natural variations in sexuality are many and include the transsexuality that should be expected and celebrated in any population. The psychiatric profession needs to minimize the damage to its credibility in the eyes of the scientific community by doing its part to change the culture that persecutes transsexual people. The APA should learn from its past mistreatment of homosexual people and take the lead in educating the public about the natural variations in human sexuality rather than continuing its horrific complicity in societal discrimination against transsexual and other gender variant people.
1. I insist that the elected leadership and Board of Trustees of the American Psychiatric Association issue a position statement making clear that gender identity and expression which differ from assigned birth sex do not, in themselves, constitute mental disorder and imply no impairment in judgment or competence.
2. I urge the APA to issue a statement clarifying the medical necessity of hormonal and surgical transition treatments for those who suffer painful distress with their physical sex characteristics that are incongruent with their persistent gender identity. While it is a shame that the APA is not leading this cause, it can at least follow the American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association in this regard.
3. I advise the American Psychiatric Association to follow the example of the American Psychological Association in encouraging legal and social recognition of all people that is consistent with their gender identity and expression. The APA should affirm in a position statement the dignity and legitimacy of individuals who have transitioned their social gender roles, regardless of their physical anatomy or assigned birth sex. Surely, psychiatrists can help the public understand the important distinctions between the biological terms such as male or female and cultural terms such as man or woman.
4. In addition to the above three requests, I ask that the APA scrutinize the reasons for giving Dr. Kenneth Zucker and Dr. Raymond Blanchard such inordinate influence in the DSM revision process. The bizarre and mean-spirited theories of Zucker and Blanchard are refuted by the scientific evidence and do real harm to people who simply don’t conform. Their arrogance and unscientific attitude should not be tolerated in a profession that claims to be based on science and compassion.
It is my hope that the APA will revise the DSM in a fashion that is consistent with the evidence from all the sciences. It is time for the APA to officially take a stand that celebrates the natural sexual diversity of our species and promotes human dignity and freedom.
Sincerely,
Veronica Drantz, PhD
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Sexual Identity is Biological & Innate!
Questions: Is Sexual identity a biological phenomenon or a cultural/psychological construct? Is sexual identity innate or is it learned? Now we know! The science is in! SEXUAL IDENTITY IS A REAL BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENON AND IS INNATE!
When I first wondered about this issue, little scientific evidence was available on sexual identity per se. In 1965, Milton Diamond published his legendary challenge to John Money's goofy
"psychosexual neutrality-at-birth" theory. Much science has been done since then, some of it by Diamond who, having the evolutionary perspective of a biologist is a proponent of the "sexuality-at-birth" theory.
The scientific evidence is compelling, coming from many different avenues and all of it pointing in the same direction. While the molecular mechanisms are not yet entirely clear, there is a clear answer to the question: "Is sexual identity innate or learned?" The simplest explanation for all of the evidence is in keeping with Diamond's theory: Sexual identity is biological and innate!
After a long hiatus (due to all sorts of personal distractions), I will soon be posting about issues that spring from the important realization that sexual identity is biological and innate. Some of these issues are:
When I first wondered about this issue, little scientific evidence was available on sexual identity per se. In 1965, Milton Diamond published his legendary challenge to John Money's goofy
"psychosexual neutrality-at-birth" theory. Much science has been done since then, some of it by Diamond who, having the evolutionary perspective of a biologist is a proponent of the "sexuality-at-birth" theory.
The scientific evidence is compelling, coming from many different avenues and all of it pointing in the same direction. While the molecular mechanisms are not yet entirely clear, there is a clear answer to the question: "Is sexual identity innate or learned?" The simplest explanation for all of the evidence is in keeping with Diamond's theory: Sexual identity is biological and innate!
After a long hiatus (due to all sorts of personal distractions), I will soon be posting about issues that spring from the important realization that sexual identity is biological and innate. Some of these issues are:
- The significance of the fact that sexual identity is a biological phenomenon and innate - why haven't biologists picked up on this important biological fact? Everyone has a sexual identity!
- Why we should be grateful to transsexual people for teaching us about our human nature
- Why medical science needs biologists. Biologists recognize the value of differences and celebrate diversity but medical doctors pathologize/medicalize differences and attempt to "fix" them. Transsexuality is uncommon but not necessarily a problem for anyone.
- Why transsexuality is a biological variation and transphobia is a cultural disease!
- The treatment of trans people: Should we change the body or the culture?
- Why it was inevitable that a biologist (Milton Diamond) would be right and a psychologist (John Money) would be wrong when theorizing about sexuality (even though psychologists pretend to understand behavior)
- Why parents, educators, and medical professionals need to know that sexual identity is innate
- Why, as a biologist, I can say: It is possible to be a man and a female at the same time. Similarly, it is possible to be both a woman and a male.
- Exactly what is sexual identity? On the brain systems level, cellular level, molecular level?
- What is the neurological relationship between sexual identity and sexual orientation (also innate)?
- What about intersex people?
- The political and social justice issues regarding sexual identity
- Gender binary?...The only thing binary about gender is gamete production (egg or sperm)!
Please feel free to post any questions you would like me to address.
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
Intermediate States of Sexuality: Intersexuality, Blended Sexual Identity, & Bisexuality
Bad Hair Days, who viewed my slideshow (see sidebar), posted this question on January 3rd on AE Brain's blog:
“What hit me with your slides was the ignorance on any in-between state according to sexual orientation and sexual identity (bisexuals, Kinsey scale, transgender, intergender).”
Hi Bad Hair,
Sorry about the long delay answering this excellent question. LIFE got in the way.
As explained in my presentation and as illustrated in my graph in Part 10 of the slideshow "Science & Sexuality," the data indicates that human sexuality is comprised of at least three dimensions or parameters: (1) body/genitalia, (2) sexual identity, and (3) sexual orientation. Each of these dimensions is a continuum from default state (typical female) to fully altered state (typical male). Intermediate states of alteration then are to be expected for each of these dimensions, resulting in: (1) intersex morphologies on the body dimension, (2) blended sexual identity on the sexual identity dimension, and (3) bisexuality on the sexual orientation dimension. Everyone is someplace on each of these three dimensions, and according to this theory, one’s sexuality could be plotted as a point in the three-dimensional space on the graph in Part 10. Persons who have undergone intermediate alteration in all three dimensions would have a sexuality represented by a point at the origin of all three coordinates putting them at the center of the graph. They would be people who have ambiguous genitalia (roughly a 3 on the Prader scale: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/HowTheBodyWorks/The-Prader-Scale.aspx?articleID=7715&categoryID=XS-nh4-03) , who feel both female and male, and who are attracted to both females and males (bisexual intersexuals with blended identity).
Just how much alteration an individual undergoes during fetal development is determined by a combination of genes and steroid hormone influence during the critical period of development for each of these three parameters. The critical periods for the three dimensions are different so the degree of alteration is usually different for each parameter, resulting in an individual occupying a different point on each continuum. Thus, since I am a CisLesbian, my genetics and fetal hormonal influence was such that I underwent largely default organization on the “body scale” and “identity scales” but much alteration on the “sexual orientation scale” producing my innate sexuality profile: female-bodied (“gynemorphic”), female identity (“gynecentric”), and attracted to females (“gynephilic”). I differ, then from typical females, who are attracted to males (“androphilic”) because typical females are near default state in every way.
The neurological studies looked only at brains of people who the researchers have reason to believe are at one or the other extreme of the sexual identity continuum or the sexual orientation continuum (for the sexual identity or sexual orientation research respectively). It is critical that the experimental subjects (the gay men, the transsexuals) are correctly identified as such so that a difference in the brain from controls (straight men, cissexuals) is more likely to be seen (if in fact brain differences account for these behavioral differences). The researchers knew the medical and life histories of their subjects (see original papers cited in my presentation) and I’m sure they purposely avoided subjects that would “muddy” the results in order to improve their chances of seeing a difference between experimental and control subjects. I would expect people with murky identities and bisexual orientation would have brain regions with intermediate organization (e.g., brain volume, neuron cell number) between default and fully altered states.
The prenatal hormonal theory causing “sexuality at birth” as championed by scientists such as Milton Diamond explains the infinite variety of sexualities manifested by human populations everywhere. Biologists recognize that normal populations are comprised of individuals – individuals are unique by definition. Everyone’s sexuality is unique and occupies its own spot in the three-dimensional sexuality space. I hope that this explanation answers your question.
“What hit me with your slides was the ignorance on any in-between state according to sexual orientation and sexual identity (bisexuals, Kinsey scale, transgender, intergender).”
Hi Bad Hair,
Sorry about the long delay answering this excellent question. LIFE got in the way.
As explained in my presentation and as illustrated in my graph in Part 10 of the slideshow "Science & Sexuality," the data indicates that human sexuality is comprised of at least three dimensions or parameters: (1) body/genitalia, (2) sexual identity, and (3) sexual orientation. Each of these dimensions is a continuum from default state (typical female) to fully altered state (typical male). Intermediate states of alteration then are to be expected for each of these dimensions, resulting in: (1) intersex morphologies on the body dimension, (2) blended sexual identity on the sexual identity dimension, and (3) bisexuality on the sexual orientation dimension. Everyone is someplace on each of these three dimensions, and according to this theory, one’s sexuality could be plotted as a point in the three-dimensional space on the graph in Part 10. Persons who have undergone intermediate alteration in all three dimensions would have a sexuality represented by a point at the origin of all three coordinates putting them at the center of the graph. They would be people who have ambiguous genitalia (roughly a 3 on the Prader scale: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/HowTheBodyWorks/The-Prader-Scale.aspx?articleID=7715&categoryID=XS-nh4-03) , who feel both female and male, and who are attracted to both females and males (bisexual intersexuals with blended identity).
Just how much alteration an individual undergoes during fetal development is determined by a combination of genes and steroid hormone influence during the critical period of development for each of these three parameters. The critical periods for the three dimensions are different so the degree of alteration is usually different for each parameter, resulting in an individual occupying a different point on each continuum. Thus, since I am a CisLesbian, my genetics and fetal hormonal influence was such that I underwent largely default organization on the “body scale” and “identity scales” but much alteration on the “sexual orientation scale” producing my innate sexuality profile: female-bodied (“gynemorphic”), female identity (“gynecentric”), and attracted to females (“gynephilic”). I differ, then from typical females, who are attracted to males (“androphilic”) because typical females are near default state in every way.
The neurological studies looked only at brains of people who the researchers have reason to believe are at one or the other extreme of the sexual identity continuum or the sexual orientation continuum (for the sexual identity or sexual orientation research respectively). It is critical that the experimental subjects (the gay men, the transsexuals) are correctly identified as such so that a difference in the brain from controls (straight men, cissexuals) is more likely to be seen (if in fact brain differences account for these behavioral differences). The researchers knew the medical and life histories of their subjects (see original papers cited in my presentation) and I’m sure they purposely avoided subjects that would “muddy” the results in order to improve their chances of seeing a difference between experimental and control subjects. I would expect people with murky identities and bisexual orientation would have brain regions with intermediate organization (e.g., brain volume, neuron cell number) between default and fully altered states.
The prenatal hormonal theory causing “sexuality at birth” as championed by scientists such as Milton Diamond explains the infinite variety of sexualities manifested by human populations everywhere. Biologists recognize that normal populations are comprised of individuals – individuals are unique by definition. Everyone’s sexuality is unique and occupies its own spot in the three-dimensional sexuality space. I hope that this explanation answers your question.
Wednesday, December 31, 2008
"Sexual Diversity Award"
Dear Zoe,
Congratulations on being chosen as a finalist for the 2008 Weblog award in the category “Best Australia or New Zealand blog. Now I am especially honored to have been cited in your blog. I am not surprised at your being chosen as a finalist for a blog award, since even as a total novice to blogging, I could immediately see what a classy blog you have created. But I am not surprised that you created such a good blog either, since you are such an amazing person.
It occurred to me, after reading about your finalist designation, that there should be another award that you should definitely win: a “Sexual Diversity Award” for being the most amazing sexually-different person! You have managed (much to my delight) to transgress the “Adam & Eve sexual rules” and qualify for all the sexually-marginalized categories simultaneously and even create some new categories along the way.
Since you have female identity and now look more female than not and still have a female love interest, you would be perceived by many as behaving like a lesbian.
Since your genital anatomy is slightly atypical, you qualify as an intersex individual. Another plus is that you are an unusual type of intersexual person.
Born more male-bodied than not but with a female identity qualifies you as transsexual in many people’s view.
And you have undergone transformation of secondary sex characteristics that became commensurate with your sexual identity, this transformation being driven by endogenous hormonal fluctuations (a kind of “natural quasitransitioning”) that is without parallel in the lives of most people.
Hence, you a homosexual intersexual “endogenously quasi-transitioned” transsexual! What is not to love about you, Zoe? You are a living proof that the “gender binary” paradigm is unnatural and you are an impressive representative as a sexual variation. You deserve an award for your honest self-presentation in your courageous blog that allows us to see your intelligence and heart and humanity. You are a credit to our species.
Thank you Zoe,
Congratulations on being chosen as a finalist for the 2008 Weblog award in the category “Best Australia or New Zealand blog. Now I am especially honored to have been cited in your blog. I am not surprised at your being chosen as a finalist for a blog award, since even as a total novice to blogging, I could immediately see what a classy blog you have created. But I am not surprised that you created such a good blog either, since you are such an amazing person.
It occurred to me, after reading about your finalist designation, that there should be another award that you should definitely win: a “Sexual Diversity Award” for being the most amazing sexually-different person! You have managed (much to my delight) to transgress the “Adam & Eve sexual rules” and qualify for all the sexually-marginalized categories simultaneously and even create some new categories along the way.
Since you have female identity and now look more female than not and still have a female love interest, you would be perceived by many as behaving like a lesbian.
Since your genital anatomy is slightly atypical, you qualify as an intersex individual. Another plus is that you are an unusual type of intersexual person.
Born more male-bodied than not but with a female identity qualifies you as transsexual in many people’s view.
And you have undergone transformation of secondary sex characteristics that became commensurate with your sexual identity, this transformation being driven by endogenous hormonal fluctuations (a kind of “natural quasitransitioning”) that is without parallel in the lives of most people.
Hence, you a homosexual intersexual “endogenously quasi-transitioned” transsexual! What is not to love about you, Zoe? You are a living proof that the “gender binary” paradigm is unnatural and you are an impressive representative as a sexual variation. You deserve an award for your honest self-presentation in your courageous blog that allows us to see your intelligence and heart and humanity. You are a credit to our species.
Thank you Zoe,
46XY/45XO Turner's Mosaic True Hermaphrodite
This well-spoken person is a 46XY/45XO Turner’s Mosaic True Hermaphrodite, a rare type of “Intersex” person. In spite of an unusual sexual life history, this particular person has a definite female sexual identity! Listen to her story! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vNzBW0ZNzA
Sex is not just about gonads and genitalia; sexual identity develops in the fetal brain and may take a different route than the genitalia. Also, difference does not equal disorder. As a biologist, I agree that “intersex” conditions are sexual variations and not disorders. Shame on the medical doctors! But hey, variations don’t bring in $$$, do they?
Sex is not just about gonads and genitalia; sexual identity develops in the fetal brain and may take a different route than the genitalia. Also, difference does not equal disorder. As a biologist, I agree that “intersex” conditions are sexual variations and not disorders. Shame on the medical doctors! But hey, variations don’t bring in $$$, do they?
Saturday, December 27, 2008
Heterosexuals need defense from "Gender Theories"
Pontiff equates gender theories with threat to rainforests!!!
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/23/pope-gender-sexuality?commentid=109df3f9-2adf-443b-a94a-b0837e08b74a
This message from the Holy Roman Poop, ... er ...I mean Pope, is so stupid! As if the Catholic Church has never cared about the well-being of the planet! As a biologist, I know that the primary problem of our planet is human overpopulation. It is irresponsible reproduction by heterosexual people that has caused destruction of the rainforests and all the rest of the global ecological calamities. No other institution has fostered irresponsible reproduction as much as the Catholic Church by condemning birth control and resisting the freeing of females from male-controlled reproductive policies. Of course the truth or facts have nothing to do with religion. Religion is all about mind control and the 24/7 behavioral control of the believers to serve the agenda of the hierarchy. And the Catholic Church hierarchy is comprised of male-bodied, male-identified, misogynists with purported heterosexual orientation.
The following paragraph about the holy roman poop's xmas message concerning "queers" is from the 12/27/08 blog of the remarkable Zoe Brain: http://aebrain.blogspot.com/ (emphasis mine).
"The pope was not talking about "transgender" or even "gender theory". He was talking about the concept that gender is distinct from physical sex. He denied this concept as merely an artifact of Man's Pride (for want of a better term), the same urge that led to the Tower of Babel.Theologically speaking - and how else could the Pope speak, he professes that there are men, and women. Nothing else. Men are attracted to women, and women to men. That is the natural order of things. There is no "gender", only sex. He states that all other things that appear to contradict a strict Male/Female binary, such as Homosexuality, or "women born in a man's body", "post-operative transsexuals" or any body not obviously male or obviously female, are all against the natural order of Creation, and dangerous. All such are artefacts of Human origin, perfect Divine creations spoilt by Man. Intersexed people may be explained away as the result of Man's tampering with the environment, with chemical and possibly spiritual pollution."
So the concepts of "sexual identity" and "sexual orientation" as neurological/biological phenomena independent of the genitalia are threatening to the Church. Yippee!!! And you know what happens when a religion makes a statement about the natural world - science eventually investigates and disproves that idea. Now we all know that the earth moves around the sun; Copernicus and Galileo were right and the bible was wrong. And the biblical Adam & Eve binary sexual system is as unnatural as the sun moving around the earth. The very existence of gay people, transsexual people, and the many types of intersex people refutes the "gender binary" and this obviously threatens the Poop.
In the last twenty years or so, a lot of groundbreaking research on homosexual, transsexual, and intersexual people has been done and a compelling scientific picture of sexuality has emerged!!! There are at least three separate dimensions to sexuality: one for the body, one for sexual identity in the brain, and one for sexual orientation also in the brain. Everyone occupies a point somewhere on each of these three continuums.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/23/pope-gender-sexuality?commentid=109df3f9-2adf-443b-a94a-b0837e08b74a
This message from the Holy Roman Poop, ... er ...I mean Pope, is so stupid! As if the Catholic Church has never cared about the well-being of the planet! As a biologist, I know that the primary problem of our planet is human overpopulation. It is irresponsible reproduction by heterosexual people that has caused destruction of the rainforests and all the rest of the global ecological calamities. No other institution has fostered irresponsible reproduction as much as the Catholic Church by condemning birth control and resisting the freeing of females from male-controlled reproductive policies. Of course the truth or facts have nothing to do with religion. Religion is all about mind control and the 24/7 behavioral control of the believers to serve the agenda of the hierarchy. And the Catholic Church hierarchy is comprised of male-bodied, male-identified, misogynists with purported heterosexual orientation.
The following paragraph about the holy roman poop's xmas message concerning "queers" is from the 12/27/08 blog of the remarkable Zoe Brain: http://aebrain.blogspot.com/ (emphasis mine).
"The pope was not talking about "transgender" or even "gender theory". He was talking about the concept that gender is distinct from physical sex. He denied this concept as merely an artifact of Man's Pride (for want of a better term), the same urge that led to the Tower of Babel.Theologically speaking - and how else could the Pope speak, he professes that there are men, and women. Nothing else. Men are attracted to women, and women to men. That is the natural order of things. There is no "gender", only sex. He states that all other things that appear to contradict a strict Male/Female binary, such as Homosexuality, or "women born in a man's body", "post-operative transsexuals" or any body not obviously male or obviously female, are all against the natural order of Creation, and dangerous. All such are artefacts of Human origin, perfect Divine creations spoilt by Man. Intersexed people may be explained away as the result of Man's tampering with the environment, with chemical and possibly spiritual pollution."
So the concepts of "sexual identity" and "sexual orientation" as neurological/biological phenomena independent of the genitalia are threatening to the Church. Yippee!!! And you know what happens when a religion makes a statement about the natural world - science eventually investigates and disproves that idea. Now we all know that the earth moves around the sun; Copernicus and Galileo were right and the bible was wrong. And the biblical Adam & Eve binary sexual system is as unnatural as the sun moving around the earth. The very existence of gay people, transsexual people, and the many types of intersex people refutes the "gender binary" and this obviously threatens the Poop.
In the last twenty years or so, a lot of groundbreaking research on homosexual, transsexual, and intersexual people has been done and a compelling scientific picture of sexuality has emerged!!! There are at least three separate dimensions to sexuality: one for the body, one for sexual identity in the brain, and one for sexual orientation also in the brain. Everyone occupies a point somewhere on each of these three continuums.
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